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1 associated labor
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > associated labor
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2 associated Labor
Экономика: обобществлённый труд -
3 associated labor
Англо-русский словарь по экономике и финансам > associated labor
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4 labor
1) труд || трудиться2) работа, задание || работать3) рабочая сила, рабочие; рабочий класс4) лейбористский -
5 labor
ек. амер. 1. n праця; робота; труд; a трудовий; робочий; 2. знт. робоча сила1. вклад людей в економічну діяльність у формі розумових і фізичних зусиль; ♦ праця вважається одним із основних факторів виробництва (factors of production), серед яких капітал, земля і підприємництво; 2. загальна кількість працівників або група працівників, яка займається певною роботою═════════■═════════abstract labor абстрактна людська праця; agricultural labor сільськогосподарська праця; associated labor усуспільнена праця; auxiliary labor допоміжна робоча сила; casual labor тимчасова робота • тимчасова робоча сила; cheap labor дешева робоча сила; child labor дитяча праця; commercial labor торговельна праця; commodity-producing labor праця, що продукує товар; common labor спільна праця • спільна робота • некваліфікований труд • некваліфікована робоча сила; complicated labor складна праця; compulsory labor примусова праця; concrete labor конкретна праця; cooperative labor спільна робота • спільна праця; creative labor творча робота; dead labor мертва праця (уречевлена); direct labour; domestic labor надомна робота; efficient labor продуктивна праця; embodied labor уречевлена праця • матеріалізована праця • втілена праця; factory labor фабрична праця; farm labor фермерська праця; female labor жіноча праця; forced labor примусова праця; free labor неорганізована робоча сила • безоплатна праця; general labor некваліфікована праця • некваліфікована робоча сила; hand labor ручна праця; handling labor обслуга • обслуговуючий персонал; highly skilled labor висококваліфікована робоча сила; hired labor наймана праця; homogeneous human labor однорідна людська праця; human labor людська праця; idle labor невикористана робоча сила • безробітні; indirect labour; industrial labor промислова праця; inefficient labor непродуктивна праця; intellectual labor розумова праця • інтелектуальна праця; intensified simple labor помножена проста праця; juvenile labor праця підлітків; male labor чоловіча робоча сила; manual labor фізична праця • ручна праця; marginal labor граничні витрати на робочу силу; materialized labor уречевлена праця • матеріальна праця; materialized surplus labor уречевлена додаткова праця • матеріальна додаткова праця; maximum labor максимальна кількість робочої сили; mental labor розумова праця; minimum labor мінімальна кількість робочої сили; multiplied simple labor помножена проста праця; necessary labor необхідна праця; nonproductive labor непродуктивна праця; occasional labor тимчасова праця; operator labor праця фермера • праця орендаря; organized labor організована робоча сила; paid labor оплачена праця; private labor приватна праця; productive labor продуктивна праця; semiskilled labor напівкваліфікована робоча сила • напівкваліфікована праця; set-up labor підготовчі операції; shift labor змінна робота; simple labor проста праця; simple average labor проста середня праця; skilled labor кваліфікована праця; slave labor рабська праця; social labor суспільна праця; standard labor нормована праця; surplus labor додаткова праця; union labor організована робоча сила; universal labor загальна праця; unorganized labor неорганізована праця; unpaid labor неоплачена праця; unskilled labor некваліфікована праця; useful labor корисна праця; useless labor некорисна праця; variable labor змінні витрати праці; voluntary labor добровільна праця; wage labor наймана праця═════════□═════════backward-bending labor supply curve відхилена назад крива пропозиції праці; compensated labor supply curve компенсована крива пропозиції праці; competitive labor market конкурентний ринок робочої сили; division of labor розподіл праці; labor agreement трудова угода; labor and machinery costs витрати на робочу силу й устаткування; labor as a factor of production праця як фактор виробництва; labor attache аташе праці; labor catchment area район, який потребує робочої сили; labor-consuming трудомісткий; labor contract трудова угода • трудовий договір; labor costs витрати на робочу силу • вартість робочої сили; labor dispute трудовий конфлікт; labor efficiency variance коливання продуктивності праці; labor employed застосовувана праця; labor exchange біржа праці; labor force сукупна робоча сила • трудові ресурси • чисельність робітників; labor hoarding збереження робочої сили при зменшенні попиту на продукцію • притримання робочої сили в період зменшення попиту на продукцію; labor hours робочий час; labor income трудовий дохід; labour-intensive; labor law трудове право; labor legislation трудове законодавство • закони про працю; labor management організація праці; labor's marginal product граничний продукт праці; labor market ринок праці • ринок робочої сили; labor market board рада ринку праці; labor market committee комітет ринку праці; labor market contribution вклад у ринок праці; labor market discrimination дискримінація на ринку праці; labor market dispute конфлікт на ринку праці; labor market organizations організації ринку робочої сили • організації ринку праці; labor market parties сторони на ринку праці; labor market pension пенсія на ринку праці; labor market policy політика ринку праці; labor market statistics статистика ринку праці; labor market training fund фонд ринку праці для підвищення кваліфікації; labor market training scheme система навчання на ринку праці; labor mix склад робочої сили; labor mobility рухомість робочої сили; labor movement робітничий рух; labor organization організація праці • професійна спілка; labor potential потенціал робітника; labor productivity продуктивність праці; labor productivity rate рівень продуктивності праці; labor-saving економія праці • раціоналізаторський • раціоналізаторський метод; labor shortage брак робочої сили; labor supply забезпеченість робочою силою • пропозиція робочої сили; labor theory of value трудова теорія вартості; labor turnover оборот робочої сили; labor union профспілка; labor unit одиниця праці; labor unrest трудовий конфлікт; marginal labor cost граничні витрати на робочу силу • гранична вартість робочої сили; marginal product of labor граничний продукт праці; return to labor віддача праці; to procure labor забезпечувати/забезпечити роботою • влаштовувати/влаштувати на роботу; to save labor заощаджувати/заощадити працю; unit labor cost трудомісткість • вартість праці на одиницю продукції • витрати робочої сили на одиницю продукту; wage elasticity of demand for labor еластичність попиту на працю відповідно до змін у заробітній платіlabour (австрал., англ., канад.):: labor (амер.) -
6 обобществлённый труд
1) Economy: associated Labor, socialized labour2) Accounting: associated labour3) Business: socialized laborУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > обобществлённый труд
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7 обобществленный труд
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > обобществленный труд
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8 обобществленный труд
socialized labour, associated laborРусско-Английский новый экономический словарь > обобществленный труд
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9 dolor
m.1 pain.siento un dolor en el costado I have a pain in my side(tener) dolor de cabeza (to have a) headache¡este niño no nos da más que dolores de cabeza! that child does nothing but make trouble for us!dolor de espalda back paindolor de estómago stomachachedolores menstruales period painsdolor de muelas toothachedolores del parto labor pains2 grief, sorrow (moral).su fallecimiento nos llena de dolor his death fills us with sorrow* * *1 pain, ache2 figurado pain, sorrow, grief\causar dolor figurado to sadden, hurt, upsetestar con los dolores (de parto) to be in labour (US labor)dolor de cabeza headachedolor de muelas toothache* * *noun m.1) ache, pain2) grief, sorrow* * *SM1) [físico] painestar con dolores — [antes del parto] to feel one's labour pains beginning
dolores de parto — labour pains, labor pains (EEUU)
2) (=pesar) grief, sorrow* * *a) ( físico) paindolores reumáticos/de parto — rheumatic/labor* pains
tener dolor de muelas/cabeza/garganta — to have a toothache/a headache/a sore throat
fuertes dolores de estómago — sharp o severe stomach pains
b) (pena, tristeza) pain, griefel dolor de perder a un ser querido — the pain o grief of losing a loved one
con todo el dolor de mi corazón tuve que decirle que no — it broke my heart, but I had to turn him down
no sabes el dolor que me causa su indiferencia — you have no idea how much his indifferent attitude hurts o upsets me
* * *= pain, agony, ache, grief, woefulness, soreness, heartache.Ex. For instance, if discharge is 'watery' or 'purulent,' vision is 'blurred,' pain is 'moderate,' then corneal trauma or infection is diagnosed.Ex. Much time and much of the agony associated with the reference interview would be avoided if librarians were subject specialists and did not have to educate themselves about a question before starting to answer it.Ex. Last year I did not prefer cushioned running shoes, but now I'm a year older with new aches and pains, so I want a shoe with added support.Ex. This paper discusses the ways in which books may be used to help bereaved children to understand death and other aspects of grief.Ex. In presenting this story, Amenabar has managed to avoid both saccharine sentimentality and easy woefulness.Ex. While there are no significant injury worries to speak of, there is no doubt both sides have a number of players with general soreness and niggling.Ex. Lovelorn staff at a Japanese company can take paid time off after an upsetting break-up with a partner, with more ' heartache leave' offered as they get older.----* alivio del dolor = pain relief.* de dolor = in pain.* dolor abdominal = abdominal pain.* dolor agudo = twinge.* dolor crónico = chronic pain.* dolor de barriga = tummy ache.* dolor de cabeza = headache.* dolor de cabeza espantoso = splitting headache.* dolor de corazón = heartache.* dolor de cuello = neck pain.* dolor de espalda = backache [back-ache], back pain.* dolor de estómago = stomach ache, upset stomach.* dolor de garganta = sore throat.* dolor de muelas = toothache.* dolor de oído = earache.* dolor de ojos = eyestrain [eye strain].* dolor en la mano al escribir = writer's cramp.* dolores de parto = birth pangs.* dolor físico = physical pain.* dolor fulgurante = shooting stab of pain, shooting pain.* dolor lancinante = shooting stab of pain, shooting pain.* dolor menstrual = period pain.* dolor muscular = muscle pain, muscle ache.* dolor penetrante = shooting stab of pain, shooting pain.* dolor pulsante = throbbing pain.* dolor pulsátil = throbbing pain.* dolor punzante = throbbing pain, shooting stab of pain, shooting pain, twinge.* gesto de dolor = wince of pain, wince.* hacer una mueca de dolor = wince.* hacer un gesto de dolor = wince.* molestias y dolores = aches and pains.* mueca de dolor = wince of pain, wince.* punzada de dolor = twinge.* que no causa dolor = painless.* sin dolor = painless.* * *a) ( físico) paindolores reumáticos/de parto — rheumatic/labor* pains
tener dolor de muelas/cabeza/garganta — to have a toothache/a headache/a sore throat
fuertes dolores de estómago — sharp o severe stomach pains
b) (pena, tristeza) pain, griefel dolor de perder a un ser querido — the pain o grief of losing a loved one
con todo el dolor de mi corazón tuve que decirle que no — it broke my heart, but I had to turn him down
no sabes el dolor que me causa su indiferencia — you have no idea how much his indifferent attitude hurts o upsets me
* * *= pain, agony, ache, grief, woefulness, soreness, heartache.Ex: For instance, if discharge is 'watery' or 'purulent,' vision is 'blurred,' pain is 'moderate,' then corneal trauma or infection is diagnosed.
Ex: Much time and much of the agony associated with the reference interview would be avoided if librarians were subject specialists and did not have to educate themselves about a question before starting to answer it.Ex: Last year I did not prefer cushioned running shoes, but now I'm a year older with new aches and pains, so I want a shoe with added support.Ex: This paper discusses the ways in which books may be used to help bereaved children to understand death and other aspects of grief.Ex: In presenting this story, Amenabar has managed to avoid both saccharine sentimentality and easy woefulness.Ex: While there are no significant injury worries to speak of, there is no doubt both sides have a number of players with general soreness and niggling.Ex: Lovelorn staff at a Japanese company can take paid time off after an upsetting break-up with a partner, with more ' heartache leave' offered as they get older.* alivio del dolor = pain relief.* de dolor = in pain.* dolor abdominal = abdominal pain.* dolor agudo = twinge.* dolor crónico = chronic pain.* dolor de barriga = tummy ache.* dolor de cabeza = headache.* dolor de cabeza espantoso = splitting headache.* dolor de corazón = heartache.* dolor de cuello = neck pain.* dolor de espalda = backache [back-ache], back pain.* dolor de estómago = stomach ache, upset stomach.* dolor de garganta = sore throat.* dolor de muelas = toothache.* dolor de oído = earache.* dolor de ojos = eyestrain [eye strain].* dolor en la mano al escribir = writer's cramp.* dolores de parto = birth pangs.* dolor físico = physical pain.* dolor fulgurante = shooting stab of pain, shooting pain.* dolor lancinante = shooting stab of pain, shooting pain.* dolor menstrual = period pain.* dolor muscular = muscle pain, muscle ache.* dolor penetrante = shooting stab of pain, shooting pain.* dolor pulsante = throbbing pain.* dolor pulsátil = throbbing pain.* dolor punzante = throbbing pain, shooting stab of pain, shooting pain, twinge.* gesto de dolor = wince of pain, wince.* hacer una mueca de dolor = wince.* hacer un gesto de dolor = wince.* molestias y dolores = aches and pains.* mueca de dolor = wince of pain, wince.* punzada de dolor = twinge.* que no causa dolor = painless.* sin dolor = painless.* * *1 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] (físico) pain¿siente mucho dolor? are you in much pain?, does it hurt much?¿es una punzada o un dolor sordo? is it a sharp pain or a dull ache?dolores reumáticos/musculares rheumatic/muscular painsdolores de crecimiento/parto growing/labor* painspastillas para el dolor de muelas/oídos pills for (a) toothache/(an) earacheun dolor de cabeza a headacheun dolor de garganta espantoso a terrible sore throates un dolor reflejo it's a referred painfuertes dolores de estómago sharp o severe stomach painsno me ha dado más que dolores de cabeza he has given me nothing but headaches, he has been a constant worry to mete ahorrarás muchos dolores de cabeza you will save yourself a lot of problems o headaches2(pena, tristeza): creí que iba a morirme de dolor I thought I was going to die of grief o sorrowcon todo el dolor de mi corazón tuve que decirle que no it broke my heart, but I had to turn him downcon todo el dolor de su corazón tuvo que negarle el regalo it was very painful for him o it was heart-rending for him to have to deny him the giftno sabes el dolor que me causa su indiferencia you have no idea how much his indifferent attitude hurts o upsets meel dolor de perder a un ser querido the pain o grief of losing a loved one* * *
dolor sustantivo masculino
tener dolor de muelas/cabeza/garganta to have a toothache/a headache/a sore throat
dolor sustantivo masculino
1 Med pain
dolor de espalda, backache
2 (aflicción) grief, sorrow
' dolor' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
agudeza
- aliviar
- aliviarse
- amanecer
- ay
- calmar
- chillido
- cicatrizar
- contorsionarse
- dar
- dolerse
- fiel
- fricción
- fuerte
- gemir
- gesto
- indiferente
- infernal
- jaqueca
- latigazo
- matar
- molestar
- molestia
- mueca
- ostensible
- penetrante
- pesar
- pinchazo
- punzada
- punzante
- queja
- quejarse
- quitar
- quitarse
- rabiar
- rechistar
- refleja
- reflejo
- resentirse
- retorcerse
- rictus
- soportar
- sorda
- sordo
- tal
- tener
- traer
- transida
- transido
- aguantador
English:
ache
- aching
- acute
- agonizing
- agony
- alleviate
- any
- backache
- bad
- bear
- bellyache
- comfort
- cover up
- deaden
- distort
- distress
- double up
- dull
- earache
- ease
- excruciating
- experience
- grief
- grimace
- groan
- headache
- help
- inflict
- lessen
- nagging
- numb
- ouch
- overcome
- overwhelming
- pain
- painfully
- painkiller
- painless
- painlessly
- pang
- pass
- pass off
- period pain
- persist
- rack
- raging
- reduce
- relieve
- severe
- severity
* * *dolor nm1. [físico] pain;un dolor sordo a dull pain;¿dónde tienes el dolor? where does it hurt?;me dio un dolor tremendo en los riñones I felt a terrible pain in my lower back;siento un dolor en el costado I have a pain in my side;hizo un gesto de dolor she winced with pain;tengo dolor de huesos/dolores musculares my bones/muscles achedolor de barriga bellyache;dolor de cabeza headache;tener dolor de cabeza to have a headache;¡este niño no nos da más que dolores de cabeza! that child does nothing but make trouble for us!;dolor de estómago stomachache;dolor de garganta sore throat;tener dolor de garganta to have a sore throat;dolores menstruales period pains;dolor de muelas toothache;dolor de oídos earache;tener dolor de oídos to have earache;dolores del parto labour pains2. [moral] sorrow;sentir dolor por algo to feel sorrow at sth;separarse de su hijo les causó gran dolor being separated from their son was very painful for them;le comunicó la noticia con gran dolor she told him the news with great sorrow;lloraba de dolor por su desgracia she wept with sadness at her misfortune;su fallecimiento nos llena de dolor his death fills us with sorrow;con todo el dolor de mi corazón: la castigué con todo el dolor de mi corazón it broke my heart to punish her;tuve que irme de aquella ciudad con todo el dolor de mi corazón it was heartbreaking for me to have to leave that city* * *m tb figpain;dar dolores de cabeza a alguien fig cause s.o. problems* * *dolor nm1) : pain, achedolor de cabeza: headache2) pena, tristeza: grief, sorrow* * *dolor n1. (físico) pain2. (pena) grief -
10 trabajadores
m.pl.workpeople, labour, labor, workmen.* * *(n.) = labour [labor, -USA], work group, work-force [workforce], shop floor, labour force, working peopleEx. Encouraged by these developments, successive waves of cheap labor immigrated from Europe.Ex. They found that when the work group associated itself with management, productivity rose.Ex. Employers of library and information staff have to develop and maintain skills within the workforce.Ex. The system requires close cooperation between the library and shop floor.Ex. The view that Chinese immigration was a threat to the American labour force spread throughout the United States in the late 19th century.Ex. The author examines the social and architectural history of the industrial estate, using evidence from the experiences of working people.* * *(n.) = labour [labor, -USA], work group, work-force [workforce], shop floor, labour force, working peopleEx: Encouraged by these developments, successive waves of cheap labor immigrated from Europe.
Ex: They found that when the work group associated itself with management, productivity rose.Ex: Employers of library and information staff have to develop and maintain skills within the workforce.Ex: The system requires close cooperation between the library and shop floor.Ex: The view that Chinese immigration was a threat to the American labour force spread throughout the United States in the late 19th century.Ex: The author examines the social and architectural history of the industrial estate, using evidence from the experiences of working people. -
11 excepcional
adj.exceptional.* * *► adjetivo1 (extraordinario) exceptional, outstanding2 (raro) exceptional, unusual* * *adj.exceptional, outstanding* * *ADJ1) (=anómalo) [medidas, circunstancias] exceptional2) (=muy bueno) exceptional* * *adjetivo exceptional* * *= exceptional, one-off, outstanding, outstandingly + Adjetivo, with a difference, non-recurrent, out of the ordinary, unusual.Ex. All abstracts, barring possibly those of exceptional length, should consist of one paragraph only.Ex. Associated with full-time staffing reductions has been the virtual elimination of part-time teachers and ' one-off' expert lecturers.Ex. The PRECIS indexing system is a set of procedures for producing index entries which in theoretical terms represents an advance outstanding for its highly formularized approach to citation order and reference, or added entry, generation.Ex. It is tempting to quote the tremendous successes of outstandingly popular authors such as Harold Robbins, James Herriot, Catherine Cookson and a relatively small number of other household names (to book readers).Ex. The article 'Web authoring with a difference' reviews the current authoring tools available for organizations wishing to become involved in the World Wide Web (WWW).Ex. Special grants are defined as grants of a non-recurrent nature to fund (or partly fund) major projects = Las subvenciones especiales se definen como aquellas subvenciones de una naturaleza excepcional para financiar (total o parcialmente) proyectos importantes.Ex. In the past, there was a tendency to label a person as abnormal simply because he or she possessed traits that were considered out of the ordinary.Ex. If the book has an unusual shape then both the height and the width of the book will be given.----* Consejo para los Niños Excepcionales (CEC) = Council for Exceptional Children (CEC).* ser algo excepcional = be in a league of its own.* ser un caso excepcional = be in a league of its own.* * *adjetivo exceptional* * *= exceptional, one-off, outstanding, outstandingly + Adjetivo, with a difference, non-recurrent, out of the ordinary, unusual.Ex: All abstracts, barring possibly those of exceptional length, should consist of one paragraph only.
Ex: Associated with full-time staffing reductions has been the virtual elimination of part-time teachers and ' one-off' expert lecturers.Ex: The PRECIS indexing system is a set of procedures for producing index entries which in theoretical terms represents an advance outstanding for its highly formularized approach to citation order and reference, or added entry, generation.Ex: It is tempting to quote the tremendous successes of outstandingly popular authors such as Harold Robbins, James Herriot, Catherine Cookson and a relatively small number of other household names (to book readers).Ex: The article 'Web authoring with a difference' reviews the current authoring tools available for organizations wishing to become involved in the World Wide Web (WWW).Ex: Special grants are defined as grants of a non-recurrent nature to fund (or partly fund) major projects = Las subvenciones especiales se definen como aquellas subvenciones de una naturaleza excepcional para financiar (total o parcialmente) proyectos importantes.Ex: In the past, there was a tendency to label a person as abnormal simply because he or she possessed traits that were considered out of the ordinary.Ex: If the book has an unusual shape then both the height and the width of the book will be given.* Consejo para los Niños Excepcionales (CEC) = Council for Exceptional Children (CEC).* ser algo excepcional = be in a league of its own.* ser un caso excepcional = be in a league of its own.* * *exceptionalun niño de una inteligencia excepcional a child of exceptional intelligencerealizó una excepcional labor en el campo de la medicina he performed outstanding work in the field of medicineel proyecto ha despertado un interés excepcional the project has aroused unusual interestrecibieron un servicio excepcional they received first-class o exceptional service* * *
excepcional adjetivo ‹caso/circunstancia/talento› exceptional;
‹contribución/labor› outstanding
excepcional adjetivo exceptional: el marisco es de una calidad excepcional, the seafood is of exceptional quality
' excepcional' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
privilegiada
- privilegiado
- singular
- Titán
- monumento
English:
exceptional
- extraordinary
- outstanding
- saving
- singular
- unusual
- rare
- remarkable
- superlative
* * *excepcional adj1. [ocasional] exceptional;sólo en circunstancias excepcionales only in exceptional circumstances2. [extraordinario] exceptional;alcanzar el segundo puesto es un logro excepcional reaching second place is an exceptional achievement* * *adj exceptional* * *excepcional adjextraordinario: exceptional, extraordinary, rare* * *excepcional adj exceptional -
12 paga
f.1 salary, wages (salario).paga extra o extraordinaria = additional payment of a month's salary or wages made to Spanish workers in June and December2 payment, pay-off, pay, payoff.He made a payment Él pagó=He paid.3 wage-packet, envelope with pay.pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: pagar.imperat.2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: pagar.* * *1 (sueldo) pay2 (de los niños) pocket money\paga extra bonuspaga y señal down payment* * *noun f.1) allowance2) pay* * *SF1) (=sueldo) [semanal] wages pl ; [mensual] salary; [de jubilado, viuda] pension; [de niño] pocket moneypaga extra, paga extraordinaria — salary bonus ( usually paid in July and December)
2) (Com) (=pago) paymentPAGA EXTRAORDINARIA Most long-term and permanent employment contracts in Spain stipulate that annual salary will be paid in 14 instalments. This means that most Spanish workers receive twice the normal monthly wage in June and December. These extra payments are generally known as paga extraordinaria or paga extra.* * *a) ( acción de pagar) paymentb) ( sueldo) pay¿qué tal es la paga? — what's the pay like?
* * *= salary, wage, pay.Ex. For example, in a general index salaries, wages and income may be regarded as equivalent, but in an index devoted to taxation, it may be important to differentiate between these terms and their associated concepts.Ex. For example, in a general index salaries, wages and income may be regarded as equivalent, but in an index devoted to taxation, it may be important to differentiate between these terms and their associated concepts.Ex. Labor continued to strive for better working conditions, shorter hours, and better pay all through the 1800s and early 1900s.* * *a) ( acción de pagar) paymentb) ( sueldo) pay¿qué tal es la paga? — what's the pay like?
* * *= salary, wage, pay.Ex: For example, in a general index salaries, wages and income may be regarded as equivalent, but in an index devoted to taxation, it may be important to differentiate between these terms and their associated concepts.
Ex: For example, in a general index salaries, wages and income may be regarded as equivalent, but in an index devoted to taxation, it may be important to differentiate between these terms and their associated concepts.Ex: Labor continued to strive for better working conditions, shorter hours, and better pay all through the 1800s and early 1900s.* * *paymenttreinta mil euros anuales, distribuidos en 15 pagas thirty thousand euros a year paid in 15 payments o installmentsaún no he recibido la paga I still haven't been paid, I haven't received my wages/salary yetCompuestos:● paga extra or extraordinaria* * *
Del verbo pagar: ( conjugate pagar)
paga es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
paga
pagar
paga sustantivo femenino
paga extra or extraordinaria extra month's salary gen paid twice a year
pagar ( conjugate pagar) verbo transitivo
‹ deuda› to pay (off), repay;
‹comida/entradas/mercancías› to pay for;◊ ¿cuánto pagas de alquiler? how much rent do you pay?;
le pagan los estudios they are paying for his education;
no puedo paga tanto I can't afford (to pay) that much;
paga algo POR algo to pay sth for sth
paga algo CON algo to pay for sth with sth;◊ ¡me las vas a paga! you'll pay for this!
verbo intransitivo (Com, Fin) to pay;
paga f (sueldo) wages
(de un niño) pocket money
paga extra, bonus ➣ Ver nota en salario
pagar verbo transitivo
1 (abonar) to pay: puedes pagarlo a plazos o al contado, you can pay for it in instalments or in cash
2 (recompensar) to repay: no sé cómo pagarte este favor, I don't know how I can repay you for this favour
3 (expiar) to pay for: tendrás que pagar tu crimen, you must pay for your crime
figurado ¡me las pagarás!, you'll pay for this!
II verbo intransitivo
1 (abonar) ¿puedo pagar con tarjeta?, can I pay by card?
2 pagarás por tu intransigencia, you'll pay for your intransigence
' paga' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
asignación
- extra
- extraordinaria
- extraordinario
- salario
- aguinaldo
English:
behave
- going
- half-pay
- monthly
- pay
- pay packet
- protection money
- publicity
- rate
- lump
- spot
- wage
* * *paga nf[salario] salary, wages; [de niño] Br pocket money, US allowance;día de paga payday;tenemos 14 pagas al año we have 14 salary payments o wage packets a year;hoy nos dan la paga we get paid todaypaga extra o extraordinaria = additional payment of a month's salary or wages;paga de Navidad = additional payment of a month's salary or wages at ChristmasPAGA EXTRAThis is a bonus, equivalent to one month's wages, which is added to employees' salaries twice a year, in the summer and at Christmas, just in time to help people over these periods of heavy expenditure. It is considered as part of an employee's annual salary.* * *f1 ( jornal) pay2 de niño allowance, Brpocket money* * *paga nf1) : payment2) : pay, wages pl* * *paga n1. (sueldo) pay / wages2. (de niños) pocket money -
13 salario
m.salary, wages.salario base o básico basic wagesalario bruto/neto gross/net wagesalario mínimo (interprofesional) minimum wagepres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: salariar.* * *1 salary, wages plural, wage\salario mínimo minimum wage* * *noun m.salary, wage* * *SM wage, wages pl, pay, salarysalario de hambre, salario de miseria — starvation wage
* * *masculino (frml) wage, salary* * *= salary, wage, pay, salary range.Ex. For example, in a general index salaries, wages and income may be regarded as equivalent, but in an index devoted to taxation, it may be important to differentiate between these terms and their associated concepts.Ex. For example, in a general index salaries, wages and income may be regarded as equivalent, but in an index devoted to taxation, it may be important to differentiate between these terms and their associated concepts.Ex. Labor continued to strive for better working conditions, shorter hours, and better pay all through the 1800s and early 1900s.Ex. By city-administered examination and promotion, his current salary range would be equalled and surpassed within a year to a year and a half.----* congelación del salario = salary freeze.* congelar los salarios = freeze + salaries.* equiparación de salarios = pay equity.* salario anual = annual salary.* salario digno = living wage, decent wage, decent salary.* salario inicial = entry level salary, starting salary.* salario mínimo = living wage, minimum salary, poverty level.* salario mínimo, el = minimum wage, the.* * *masculino (frml) wage, salary* * *= salary, wage, pay, salary range.Ex: For example, in a general index salaries, wages and income may be regarded as equivalent, but in an index devoted to taxation, it may be important to differentiate between these terms and their associated concepts.
Ex: For example, in a general index salaries, wages and income may be regarded as equivalent, but in an index devoted to taxation, it may be important to differentiate between these terms and their associated concepts.Ex: Labor continued to strive for better working conditions, shorter hours, and better pay all through the 1800s and early 1900s.Ex: By city-administered examination and promotion, his current salary range would be equalled and surpassed within a year to a year and a half.* congelación del salario = salary freeze.* congelar los salarios = freeze + salaries.* equiparación de salarios = pay equity.* salario anual = annual salary.* salario digno = living wage, decent wage, decent salary.* salario inicial = entry level salary, starting salary.* salario mínimo = living wage, minimum salary, poverty level.* salario mínimo, el = minimum wage, the.* * *( frml)wage, salaryCompuestos:basic wageminimum wage( Esp) minimum wage( Arg) minimum wage ( index-linked)nominal wagereal wage* * *
salario sustantivo masculino (frml) wage, salary
salario sustantivo masculino pay, wage
salario base, basic wage
salario mínimo, minimum wage
(sueldo mensual) salary
Hay una importante diferencia entre salary y wage. Aunque los dos significan sueldo o salario, salary se calcula anualmente, se paga mensualmente y se traduce en una cantidad constante que perciben los profesionales, mientras que wage se calcula por horas o días, se paga semanalmente y representa el salario de los trabajadores, obreros, oficinistas, etc.
' salario' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
anticipo
- cobrar
- ganar
- haber
- paga
- semana
- sueldo
- acorde
- función
- subir
English:
commensurate
- cut
- exist
- hourly
- minimum wage
- salary
- stay on
- wage
- match
- sick pay
* * *salario nmsalary, wagessalario base o básico basic wage;salario bruto gross wage;salario mínimo (interprofesional) minimum wage;salario neto net wage;Esp salario social = benefit paid by local authorities to low-income familiesSALARIO MÍNIMO INTERPROFESIONALIn Spain the government sets a monthly minimum wage to which all workers are entitled. In 2007 this was set at 570.60 Euros per month. This rate does not apply to those sectors of the economy which have separate agreements between unions and employers, and where the minimum wage tends to be somewhat higher.* * *m salary, wage* * *salario nm1) : salary2)salario mínimo : minimum wage* * * -
14 barraca
f.1 shack.2 stall.3 thatched farmhouse (in Valencia and Murcia).4 hut, cabin.5 shanty, cubbyhole, badly built hut or cabin, cottage.6 amusement park ride, ride.* * *1 (casita) cottage (typical in Valencia and Murcia)2 (puesto) stall; (caseta de feria) booth3 (chabola) shack* * *ISF1) (=cabaña) hut, cabin; [de obreros] workmen's hut; [en Valencia] small farmhouse2) (=chabola) shanty, hovel3) [en feria] stall, boothuna barraca de feria — a fairground stall o booth
barraca persa — Cono Sur cut-price store
5)IISF LAm (Mil) barracks* * *2) (Mil) barrack hut3) ( casa) adobe house ( typical of Valencia and Murcia)4) (CS) ( de materiales de construcción) builders merchant o yard* * *= shack, hut, cabin.Ex. In another survey which examined the information needs of residents of new black urban communities, townships and shack settlements identified problems associated with the labor market and transport.Ex. Robinson Crusoe kept his books in a hut which seems quite unsatisfactory in view of the tropical climate of the island.Ex. Stopping a few miles north of where the Lewark meets the great Modoc River in what is now called the American midwest, they constructed a humble cabin and began trading with river men and friendly Indians.* * *2) (Mil) barrack hut3) ( casa) adobe house ( typical of Valencia and Murcia)4) (CS) ( de materiales de construcción) builders merchant o yard* * *= shack, hut, cabin.Ex: In another survey which examined the information needs of residents of new black urban communities, townships and shack settlements identified problems associated with the labor market and transport.
Ex: Robinson Crusoe kept his books in a hut which seems quite unsatisfactory in view of the tropical climate of the island.Ex: Stopping a few miles north of where the Lewark meets the great Modoc River in what is now called the American midwest, they constructed a humble cabin and began trading with river men and friendly Indians.* * *B ( Mil) barrack hutC (casa) cottage ( typical of Valencia and Murcia)D (CS) (de materiales de construcción) builders' merchant o yard* * *
barraca sustantivo femenino
( caseta) boothb) (Mil) barrack hut
barraca sustantivo femenino
1 (chabola) shack, hut
2 (caseta de feria) stall
3 Esp thatched cottage from Valencia
' barraca' also found in these entries:
English:
hut
- shed
- stand
- booth
- lumber
* * *barraca nf1. [chabola] shack2. [de feria] [caseta] booth;[puesto] stall3. [en Valencia y Murcia] thatched farmhouse4. RP [tienda] builders' merchant's* * *f1 ( chabola) shack3 L.Am. ( depósito) shed4:barracas pl L.Am. shanty town sg* * *barraca nf1) cabaña, choza: hut, cabin2) : booth, stall* * *barraca n1. (chabola) shack2. (de feria) stall -
15 cabaña
f.1 cabin, hut, barrack, log cabin.2 goal, score point.* * *1 (choza) cabin, hut, shack2 (conjunto de ganados) livestock* * *noun f.cabin, hut* * *SF1) (=choza) hut, cabin; [pobre] hovel, shack2) (Billar) baulk3) (Agr) (=rebaño) (large) flock; (=ganado) livestock4) Cono Sur (=estancia) cattle-breeding ranch* * *1) ( choza) cabin, shack2) (Agr) (RPl) ( estancia) cattle-breeding ranch3) (Méx) (Dep) goal* * *= cottage, cabin, hut, lodge, rondavel, shack, log house.Ex. Tom Jones hiding in a particular copse with Molly Seagrim, Marvell lying in a certain garden, Dimitri Karamazov in that prison cell, Will and Anna in that cottage bedroom.Ex. Stopping a few miles north of where the Lewark meets the great Modoc River in what is now called the American midwest, they constructed a humble cabin and began trading with river men and friendly Indians.Ex. Robinson Crusoe kept his books in a hut which seems quite unsatisfactory in view of the tropical climate of the island.Ex. Dinner will be served in the boma at the Lodge, where you will again spend the night.Ex. Accommodation comprises 200 fully equipped, self-catering rondavels with own bathroom, kitchen and braai facilities.Ex. In another survey which examined the information needs of residents of new black urban communities, townships and shack settlements identified problems associated with the labor market and transport.Ex. In this little town of about a dozen log houses, they were initiated into the mysteries, pleasures, and sufferings of a gold-digger's life.----* cabaña de cazadores = hunting-lodge.* cabaña de madera = log cabin, wood cabin.* cabaña de troncos de madera = log cabin, wood cabin.* * *1) ( choza) cabin, shack2) (Agr) (RPl) ( estancia) cattle-breeding ranch3) (Méx) (Dep) goal* * *= cottage, cabin, hut, lodge, rondavel, shack, log house.Ex: Tom Jones hiding in a particular copse with Molly Seagrim, Marvell lying in a certain garden, Dimitri Karamazov in that prison cell, Will and Anna in that cottage bedroom.
Ex: Stopping a few miles north of where the Lewark meets the great Modoc River in what is now called the American midwest, they constructed a humble cabin and began trading with river men and friendly Indians.Ex: Robinson Crusoe kept his books in a hut which seems quite unsatisfactory in view of the tropical climate of the island.Ex: Dinner will be served in the boma at the Lodge, where you will again spend the night.Ex: Accommodation comprises 200 fully equipped, self-catering rondavels with own bathroom, kitchen and braai facilities.Ex: In another survey which examined the information needs of residents of new black urban communities, townships and shack settlements identified problems associated with the labor market and transport.Ex: In this little town of about a dozen log houses, they were initiated into the mysteries, pleasures, and sufferings of a gold-digger's life.* cabaña de cazadores = hunting-lodge.* cabaña de madera = log cabin, wood cabin.* cabaña de troncos de madera = log cabin, wood cabin.* * *A (choza) cabin, shackB ( Agr)2 ( RPl) (estancia) cattle-breeding ranchC ( Art) pastoral* * *
cabaña sustantivo femenino ( choza) cabin, shack
cabaña sustantivo femenino
1 (refugio) cabin
2 (de ganado) la cabaña caballar de la zona es escasa, horse livestock in this area is scarce
' cabaña' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
indispensable
- vadear
English:
bunk
- cabin
- footpath
- hut
- lumber
- running
- shed
- tree-house
* * *cabaña nf1. [choza] hut, cabin;una cabaña de pastores a shepherd's hut2. [ganado] livestock;la cabaña bovina de Gales the national herd of Welsh cattle3.cabaña (de salida) [en billares] baulk4. RP [finca] cattle ranch* * *f1 cabin2 Méxen fútbol goal* * *cabaña nfchoza: cabin, hut* * *cabaña n hut -
16 chabola
f.shack. (peninsular Spanish)barrio de chabolas shanty town* * *1 shack* * *SF shack* * *femenino (Esp) ( en los suburbios) shack, shanty dwelling* * *= shack.Ex. In another survey which examined the information needs of residents of new black urban communities, townships and shack settlements identified problems associated with the labor market and transport.----* barriada de chabolas = shanty town.* barrio de chabolas = slum.* * *femenino (Esp) ( en los suburbios) shack, shanty dwelling* * *= shack.Ex: In another survey which examined the information needs of residents of new black urban communities, townships and shack settlements identified problems associated with the labor market and transport.
* barriada de chabolas = shanty town.* barrio de chabolas = slum.* * *( Esp)1 (en los suburbios) shack, shanty, shanty dwellingmedidas para erradicar las chabolas measures to get rid of the shantytowns2 (cabaña) little house, hut* * *
chabola sustantivo femenino (Esp)
b)◊ chabolas sustantivo femenino plural
shantytown
chabola sustantivo femenino shack
un barrio de chabolas, a shanty town
' chabola' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
barraca
- rancho
English:
shack
- shanty
* * *chabola nfEsp shack;barrio de chabolas shanty town* * *f shack;barrio de chabolas shanty town* * *chabola n shack -
17 choza
f.1 hut.choza de barro mud hut2 house.3 disheveled house, substandard house.* * *1 hut, shack* * *SF hut, shack* * *femenino hut, shack* * *= hut, shack.Ex. Robinson Crusoe kept his books in a hut which seems quite unsatisfactory in view of the tropical climate of the island.Ex. In another survey which examined the information needs of residents of new black urban communities, townships and shack settlements identified problems associated with the labor market and transport.* * *femenino hut, shack* * *= hut, shack.Ex: Robinson Crusoe kept his books in a hut which seems quite unsatisfactory in view of the tropical climate of the island.
Ex: In another survey which examined the information needs of residents of new black urban communities, townships and shack settlements identified problems associated with the labor market and transport.* * *hut, shack* * *
choza sustantivo femenino
hut, shack
choza sustantivo femenino hut, shack
' choza' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cabaña
- chamizo
- rancho
English:
shack
- hut
- stand
* * *choza nf1. [cabaña] hut* * *f hut* * *choza nfbarraca, cabaña: hut, shack* * * -
18 deshonrar
v.1 to dishonor.con su conducta deshonra a toda la familia he is dishonoring the entire family with his conductElsa deshonró a su familia Elsa dishonored her family.2 to trample on, to tread on.Elsa deshonró su reputación Elsa trampled on her good name.3 to bring shame on, to shame.Elsa deshonró a sus padres Elsa brought shame on her parents.* * *1 (gen) to dishonour (US dishonor), disgrace2 (injuriar) to insult, defame3 (a una mujer) to dishonour (US dishonor)* * *verbto dishonor, disgrace* * *VT1) [+ familia, compañeros] to dishonour, dishonor (EEUU), disgrace2) (=afrentar) to insult3) euf [+ mujer] to dishonour, dishonor (EEUU)* * ** * *= taint, vilify, stigmatise [stigmatize, -USA], besmirch, bring + Nombre + into disrepute, disgrace, defile.Ex. This article shows how the dowdy and boring image of the stereotypical librarian as presented in fiction, taints the portrayal of all who work in libraries.Ex. Robert Kent's sole agenda is to attack Cuba and vilify the Cuban library community while supporting the US government's interventionist destabilization policies.Ex. Findings reaffirm that television stigmatises the occupation of business, independently of economic factors.Ex. the gulag was an atrocious system of incarceration and forced labor that had little to do with correction, that poisoned society, and that besmirched Soviet communism.Ex. This article considers the danger that inherent bias in such research might bring library and information science research into disrepute.Ex. The League of Nations was a comically ham-handed debacle which collapsed in complete failure, disgracing all who were associated with it.Ex. No person shall throw any waste, building debris or vehicle scrap into the public domain or defile the public domain.----* deshonrar la reputación = besmirch + reputation.* * ** * *= taint, vilify, stigmatise [stigmatize, -USA], besmirch, bring + Nombre + into disrepute, disgrace, defile.Ex: This article shows how the dowdy and boring image of the stereotypical librarian as presented in fiction, taints the portrayal of all who work in libraries.
Ex: Robert Kent's sole agenda is to attack Cuba and vilify the Cuban library community while supporting the US government's interventionist destabilization policies.Ex: Findings reaffirm that television stigmatises the occupation of business, independently of economic factors.Ex: the gulag was an atrocious system of incarceration and forced labor that had little to do with correction, that poisoned society, and that besmirched Soviet communism.Ex: This article considers the danger that inherent bias in such research might bring library and information science research into disrepute.Ex: The League of Nations was a comically ham-handed debacle which collapsed in complete failure, disgracing all who were associated with it.Ex: No person shall throw any waste, building debris or vehicle scrap into the public domain or defile the public domain.* deshonrar la reputación = besmirch + reputation.* * *deshonrar [A1 ]vt1 ‹familia/patria› to dishonor*, disgrace, bring dishonor* o disgrace o shame ontrabajar no deshonra a nadie working is nothing to be ashamed of2 ‹mujer› to dishonor** * *
deshonrar ( conjugate deshonrar) verbo transitivo ‹familia/patria› to dishonor( conjugate dishonor), disgrace;
‹ mujer› to dishonor( conjugate dishonor)
deshonrar verbo transitivo
1 to dishonour, US dishonor
2 (a la familia, etc) to bring disgrace on
' deshonrar' also found in these entries:
English:
disgrace
- dishonor
- dishonour
- shame
- blacken
- taint
* * *deshonrar vt1. [injuriar] to dishonour;con su conducta deshonra a toda la familia his behaviour is bringing disgrace upon the entire family2. [mujer] to dishonour* * *v/t dishonor, Brdishonour* * *deshonrar vt: to dishonor, to disgrace -
19 esfuerzo
m.1 effort.hacer esfuerzos, hacer un esfuerzo to make an effort, to try hardestoy haciendo esfuerzos por no llorar I'm trying hard not to cryhaz un último esfuerzo, ya verás como ahora lo consigues make one last attempt, you'll do it this time!sin esfuerzo effortlessly2 strain.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: esforzar.* * *1 effort, endeavour (US endeavor)2 (valor) courage, spirit\sin esfuerzo effortlessly* * *noun m.* * *SM1) [de fuerza física, intelectual] effortsin esfuerzo — effortlessly, without strain
no hizo el más mínimo esfuerzo por agradar — he made absolutely no effort at all to be nice, he didn't make the slightest effort to be nice
2) (=vigor) spirit, vigour, vigor (EEUU)3) (Mec) stress* * *masculino efforthizo el esfuerzo de ser amable — he made an effort o tried to be friendly
* * *= endeavour [endeavor, -USA], labour [labor, -USA], leg work, struggle, effort, toil, elbow grease.Ex. Eventually, it came to be recognized that the Classification Research Group's endeavours might be pertinent to the problem of alphabetical indexing.Ex. An editor is a person who prepares for publication an item not his own and whose labour may be limited to the preparation of the item for the manufacturer.Ex. DOBIS/LIBIS may replace the typewriter, the catalog card, and much leg work, but it cannot replace the decision-making capabilities of the library staff.Ex. The struggle to make the library an integral part of the educational process is a long-standing one which has yet to be resolved.Ex. For example, with such a system a change of the heading AEROPLANES -- ASSISTED TAKE-OFF in figure 7 would without further effort be reflected in the six associated cross-reference records.Ex. Furthermore, the computer can be used, and is already being used, to eliminate drudgery, busywork, and useless toil in library systems.Ex. The window frames appeared to have not seen the light of day for over 50 years and were totally caked in dirt -- although with some elbow grease the window came up a treat.----* ahorro de esfuerzo = savings in energy, savings in effort.* aumentar el esfuerzo = increase + effort.* aunar esfuerzos = join + forces, coordinate + efforts, join + hands, pool + efforts, pull together.* compartir esfuerzos = share + efforts.* concentrar el esfuerzo = concentrate + effort, direct + effort, direct + energy, concentrate + Posesivo + energy.* concentrar el esfuerzo en = divert + effort into.* con mucho esfuerzo = painfully.* conseguir con esfuerzo = mine.* consumir esfuerzo = take up + energy.* coordinar esfuerzos = coordinate + efforts.* dedicación de esfuerzo = expenditure of effort.* dedicar el tiempo y el esfuerzo = take + the time and effort.* dedicar esfuerzo = expend + effort, spend + effort, devote + energy, give + effort.* dedicar todo el esfuerzo del mundo a = put + Posesivo + heart into.* demandar mucho esfuerzo por parte de Alguien = tax + Posesivo + imagination.* dirigir el esfuerzo = direct + effort, direct + energy.* duplicidad de esfuerzos = duplication of effort.* empezar a sudar por el esfuerzo = work up + a sweat, work up + a lather.* en + Posesivo + esfuerzo de = in + Posesivo + quest for/to.* entrar hambre después del esfuerzo = work up + an appetite.* entrar sed después del esfuerzo = work up + a thirst.* en un esfuerzo por = in an effort to.* esfuerzo cognitivo = cognitive overhead.* esfuerzo común = concerted effort.* esfuerzo conjunto = team effort.* esfuerzo de equipo = team effort.* esfuerzo denodado = strenuous effort.* esfuerzo físico = physical effort.* esfuerzo físico humano = human power.* esfuerzo + fracasar = effort + founder.* esfuerzo + hacer sudar = work up + a sweat, work up + a lather.* esfuerzo heroico = all out effort.* esfuerzo humano = human energy.* esfuerzo intelectual = cognitive overhead, intellectual effort.* esfuerzo inútil = wasted energy.* esfuerzo mental = cognitive overhead, mental effort.* esfuerzo sobrehumano = Herculean effort, Herculanian effort.* exigir esfuerzo = take + effort.* frustrar el esfuerzo = frustrate + effort.* ganar a Alguien sin apenas hacer ningún esfuerzo = beat + Nombre + hands down, win + hands down.* hacer Algo con mucho esfuerzo = plod (along/through).* hacer el esfuerzo necesario = pull + Posesivo + (own) weight.* hacer el último esfuerzo = go + the last mile, go + the extra mile.* hacer grandes esfuerzos por = take + (great) pains to.* hacer un esfuerzo = make + effort.* hacer un gran esfuerzo = go out of + Posesivo + way to + Infinitivo.* invertir esfuerzo intelectual en = invest + Posesivo + thoughts in.* justificar el esfuerzo = justify + the effort.* llevar tiempo y esfuerzo = take + time and effort.* merecer la pena el esfuerzo = repay + effort.* mucho esfuerzo = hard work.* necesitar esfuerzo = take + effort.* no concentrar el esfuerzo = spread + Nombre + thinly.* poner esfuerzo = give + effort.* propulsado con el esfuerzo físico humano = human-powered.* realizar esfuerzo = exert + effort.* realizar un esfuerzo = put forth + effort, make + effort.* realizar un esfuerzo común = make + a concerted effort.* redirigir el esfuerzo = refocus + effort.* redirigir un esfuerzo = divert + impetus.* redoblar esfuerzos = redouble + efforts.* reducir el esfuerzo = reduce + effort.* reorientar el esfuerzo = refocus + effort.* sin esfuerzo = effortless, effortlessly.* sin esfuerzo alguno = effortlessly.* sin ningún esfuerzo = effortlessly.* sin ningún esfuerzo mental = thought-free.* tener hambre después del esfuerzo = work up + an appetite.* tener sed después del esfuerzo = work up + a thirst.* tirar dinero y esfuerzo por la borda = be money and effort down the drain.* trabajo y esfuerzo = toil and trouble.* unir esfuerzos = join + hands.* vehículo propulsado por el esfuerzo físico humano = human-powered vehicle.* * *masculino efforthizo el esfuerzo de ser amable — he made an effort o tried to be friendly
* * *= endeavour [endeavor, -USA], labour [labor, -USA], leg work, struggle, effort, toil, elbow grease.Ex: Eventually, it came to be recognized that the Classification Research Group's endeavours might be pertinent to the problem of alphabetical indexing.
Ex: An editor is a person who prepares for publication an item not his own and whose labour may be limited to the preparation of the item for the manufacturer.Ex: DOBIS/LIBIS may replace the typewriter, the catalog card, and much leg work, but it cannot replace the decision-making capabilities of the library staff.Ex: The struggle to make the library an integral part of the educational process is a long-standing one which has yet to be resolved.Ex: For example, with such a system a change of the heading AEROPLANES -- ASSISTED TAKE-OFF in figure 7 would without further effort be reflected in the six associated cross-reference records.Ex: Furthermore, the computer can be used, and is already being used, to eliminate drudgery, busywork, and useless toil in library systems.Ex: The window frames appeared to have not seen the light of day for over 50 years and were totally caked in dirt -- although with some elbow grease the window came up a treat.* ahorro de esfuerzo = savings in energy, savings in effort.* aumentar el esfuerzo = increase + effort.* aunar esfuerzos = join + forces, coordinate + efforts, join + hands, pool + efforts, pull together.* compartir esfuerzos = share + efforts.* concentrar el esfuerzo = concentrate + effort, direct + effort, direct + energy, concentrate + Posesivo + energy.* concentrar el esfuerzo en = divert + effort into.* con mucho esfuerzo = painfully.* conseguir con esfuerzo = mine.* consumir esfuerzo = take up + energy.* coordinar esfuerzos = coordinate + efforts.* dedicación de esfuerzo = expenditure of effort.* dedicar el tiempo y el esfuerzo = take + the time and effort.* dedicar esfuerzo = expend + effort, spend + effort, devote + energy, give + effort.* dedicar todo el esfuerzo del mundo a = put + Posesivo + heart into.* demandar mucho esfuerzo por parte de Alguien = tax + Posesivo + imagination.* dirigir el esfuerzo = direct + effort, direct + energy.* duplicidad de esfuerzos = duplication of effort.* empezar a sudar por el esfuerzo = work up + a sweat, work up + a lather.* en + Posesivo + esfuerzo de = in + Posesivo + quest for/to.* entrar hambre después del esfuerzo = work up + an appetite.* entrar sed después del esfuerzo = work up + a thirst.* en un esfuerzo por = in an effort to.* esfuerzo cognitivo = cognitive overhead.* esfuerzo común = concerted effort.* esfuerzo conjunto = team effort.* esfuerzo de equipo = team effort.* esfuerzo denodado = strenuous effort.* esfuerzo físico = physical effort.* esfuerzo físico humano = human power.* esfuerzo + fracasar = effort + founder.* esfuerzo + hacer sudar = work up + a sweat, work up + a lather.* esfuerzo heroico = all out effort.* esfuerzo humano = human energy.* esfuerzo intelectual = cognitive overhead, intellectual effort.* esfuerzo inútil = wasted energy.* esfuerzo mental = cognitive overhead, mental effort.* esfuerzo sobrehumano = Herculean effort, Herculanian effort.* exigir esfuerzo = take + effort.* frustrar el esfuerzo = frustrate + effort.* ganar a Alguien sin apenas hacer ningún esfuerzo = beat + Nombre + hands down, win + hands down.* hacer Algo con mucho esfuerzo = plod (along/through).* hacer el esfuerzo necesario = pull + Posesivo + (own) weight.* hacer el último esfuerzo = go + the last mile, go + the extra mile.* hacer grandes esfuerzos por = take + (great) pains to.* hacer un esfuerzo = make + effort.* hacer un gran esfuerzo = go out of + Posesivo + way to + Infinitivo.* invertir esfuerzo intelectual en = invest + Posesivo + thoughts in.* justificar el esfuerzo = justify + the effort.* llevar tiempo y esfuerzo = take + time and effort.* merecer la pena el esfuerzo = repay + effort.* mucho esfuerzo = hard work.* necesitar esfuerzo = take + effort.* no concentrar el esfuerzo = spread + Nombre + thinly.* poner esfuerzo = give + effort.* propulsado con el esfuerzo físico humano = human-powered.* realizar esfuerzo = exert + effort.* realizar un esfuerzo = put forth + effort, make + effort.* realizar un esfuerzo común = make + a concerted effort.* redirigir el esfuerzo = refocus + effort.* redirigir un esfuerzo = divert + impetus.* redoblar esfuerzos = redouble + efforts.* reducir el esfuerzo = reduce + effort.* reorientar el esfuerzo = refocus + effort.* sin esfuerzo = effortless, effortlessly.* sin esfuerzo alguno = effortlessly.* sin ningún esfuerzo = effortlessly.* sin ningún esfuerzo mental = thought-free.* tener hambre después del esfuerzo = work up + an appetite.* tener sed después del esfuerzo = work up + a thirst.* tirar dinero y esfuerzo por la borda = be money and effort down the drain.* trabajo y esfuerzo = toil and trouble.* unir esfuerzos = join + hands.* vehículo propulsado por el esfuerzo físico humano = human-powered vehicle.* * *1 (de una persona) effortpor lo menos hizo el esfuerzo de ser amable at least he made an effort o tried to be friendlyhay que hacer un esfuerzo de imaginación you have to use your imaginationme costó muchos esfuerzos convencerlo it took a lot of effort to persuade him, I had a lot of trouble persuading himconseguía todo lo que quería sin esfuerzo she got everything she wanted quite effortlessly o without any effort2 ( Fís) effort* * *
Del verbo esforzar: ( conjugate esforzar)
esfuerzo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
Multiple Entries:
esforzar
esfuerzo
esforzar ( conjugate esforzar) verbo transitivo ‹voz/vista› to strain
esforzarse verbo pronominal:
tienes que esfuerzote más you'll have to work harder;
esfuerzose por o en hacer algo to strive to do sth
esfuerzo sustantivo masculino
effort;
hizo el esfuerzo de ser amable he made an effort o tried to be friendly
esforzar vtr (la vista, un músculo) to strain
esfuerzo sustantivo masculino effort
hacer un esfuerzo, to make an effort
♦ Locuciones: sin esfuerzo, effortlessly
' esfuerzo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
conquista
- considerable
- cuajar
- desesperada
- desesperado
- difícil
- economía
- emplear
- entregarse
- facilidad
- gratificar
- hacer
- inversión
- invertir
- lucir
- lucha
- mérito
- molestarse
- molestia
- mucha
- mucho
- obra
- paliza
- para
- penosa
- penoso
- premiar
- premio
- producto
- renovar
- rentable
- rota
- roto
- sprint
- sudor
- titánica
- titánico
- trabajo
- tute
- baldío
- común
- conjunto
- consagrar
- costar
- demasiado
- desplegar
- empeño
- estéril
- hazaña
- intenso
English:
all-out
- challenging
- concerted
- conscious
- effort
- effortless
- endeavor
- endeavour
- exert
- exertion
- extraordinary
- hard-won
- heave
- incessant
- last-ditch
- level
- obstinate
- out
- puff
- push
- shatter
- spurt
- strain
- strenuous
- successful
- sustain
- swing
- trouble
- try
- unsuccessful
- vain
- waste
- work
- worth
* * *esfuerzo nm[físico, intelectual] effort;no hagas ningún esfuerzo, que el médico ha recomendado reposo don't exert yourself, the doctor has recommended rest;hacer esfuerzos, hacer un esfuerzo to make an effort, to try hard;estoy haciendo esfuerzos por no llorar I'm trying hard not to cry;hizo un esfuerzo por agradar he made an effort to be pleasant;haz un último esfuerzo, ya verás como ahora lo consigues make one last attempt, you'll do it this time!;sin esfuerzo effortlessly* * *m effort;hacer un esfuerzo make an effort;sin esfuerzo effortlessly* * *esfuerzo nm1) : effort2) ánimo, vigor: spirit, vigor3)sin esfuerzo : effortlessly* * *esfuerzo n effort -
20 fiesta
f.1 (local) festivities.el pueblo está en fiestas the town is holding its annual fair o festivalaguar la fiesta a alguien to spoil somebody's funfiesta mayor = local celebrations for the festival of a town's patron saintfiesta(s) patronal(es) = celebrations for the feast day of a town's patron saint2 public holiday.ser fiesta to be a public holidayhacer fiesta to be on holiday3 party.dar una fiesta en honor de alguien to give a party in somebody's honorfiesta de disfraces fancy dress party4 formal party, gala, party.5 feast, holy day, religious celebration.* * *1 (día no laborable) holiday2 (reunión) party3 RELIGIÓN feast1 (festividades) festivity, fiesta2 (navidad) Christmas\aguar la fiesta to be a wet blanket, be a killjoyestar de fiesta figurado to be in a festive mood¡felices fiestas! Merry Christmas!hacer fiesta un día to take a day offno estar para fiestas to be in no mood for jokes¡tengamos la fiesta en paz! let's not argue!fiesta de cumpleaños birthday partyfiesta de disfraces fancy-dress partyfiesta de guardar day of obligationfiesta de la cerveza beer festivalFiesta de la Hispanidad Columbus Dayfiesta de precepto day of obligationFiesta del Trabajo Labour (US Labor) Dayfiesta fija immovable feastfiesta móvil movable feastla fiesta de los toros bullfightinglas fiestas de Navidad Christmas sing* * *noun f.1) party2) holiday* * *SF1) (=reunión) partydar u organizar una fiesta — to give o throw a party
el país entero está de fiesta ante la buena noticia — the whole country is celebrating the good news
tener la fiesta en paz —
aguar 2)no os peleéis, ¡tengamos la fiesta en paz! — behave yourselves, don't fight!
2) (=día festivo) holidayFiesta del Trabajo — Labour day, Labor day (EEUU)
fiesta nacional — public holiday, bank holiday
fiesta movible, fiesta móvil — movable feast
fiesta patria — LAm independence day
3) (Rel) feast dayguardar o santificar las fiestas — to observe feast days
fiesta de guardar, fiesta de precepto — day of obligation
4) (=festejo) fiesta, festivalel pueblo está en fiestas o de fiesta — the town's having its local fiesta
la fiesta nacional — (Taur) bullfighting
fiesta de armas — ( Hist) tournament
5) pl fiestas (=vacaciones) holiday, vacation (EEUU)¡Felices Fiestas! — [en navidad] Happy Christmas
6) pl fiestas (=carantoñas)FIESTAS There are a fixed number of public holidays in the Spanish calendar but some dates vary locally. National public holidays include Navidad (25 December), Reyes (6 January), the Día de los Trabajadores (1 May), the Día de la Hispanidad/del Pilar (12 October) and the Día de la Constitución (6 December). Additionally, each autonomous region and town has at its discretion a small number of public holidays that usually coincide with local traditions like a patron saint's day or other celebrations such as Carnaval. Thus there is a holiday in Madrid for San Isidro, the city's patron saint, and one in Catalonia for Sant Jordi, who is the patron saint of the region.* * *1) ( celebración) partydieron una gran fiesta — they threw o had a big party
hacerle fiestas a alguien — to make a fuss of somebody
tener la fiesta en paz — (Esp fam) to enjoy some peace and quiet
2)a) ( día festivo) (public) holiday¿dónde vas a pasar estas fiestas? — where are you going to spend the vacation (AmE) o (BrE) holidays?
••• Cultural note:A fiesta in Spain can be a day of neighborhood celebrations, a larger event for a town or city, or a national holiday, to commemorate a saint's day or some historical event. For example, Madrid has the fiestas de San Isidro, in honor of its patron saint. Other famous Spanish holidays include the Fallas in Valencia, the Sanfermines in July in Pamplona, and the Feria de Sevilla, two weeks after Easter. They can last for a week or more, during which everyday life is often interrupted. Classes in schools may stop and banks, stores, and post offices alter their opening hours. There are often bullfights and dancing to live bands and people eat and drink plentifullyIn Latin America, a period of one or more days on which each country celebrates its independence. There are usually military parades, firework displays, and folk activities typical of the country* * *= party, celebration, feast, bash, festive occasion, social gathering.Ex. Their purposes was to settle the disputes between the members, to negotiate with master, to accumulate and disburse a benevolent fund, and to exact contributions for drinks and parties.Ex. The sense of camaraderie experienced in meeting with other devotees is not unworthy of some kind of celebration.Ex. Sometimes this was done simply by staying away (Saint Monday was always a popular feast in the trade), but perhaps more often by contracting with the master to work less.Ex. The 'Book bash' designed to recruit special needs children and their families to the library.Ex. The sale, nearly stopped on legal technicalities, was held as a festive occasion with tea and auction of more valuable books.Ex. The study room was transformed for an evening into a coffee house where an intellectual and social gathering took place.----* dar una fiesta = give + a party.* día de fiesta = holiday, public holiday.* droga de fiesta = club drug.* ¡felices fiestas! = season's greetings!.* fiesta de aniversario = anniversary celebration, anniversary party.* fiesta de apertura = opening party.* fiesta de borrachos = drunken party.* fiesta de despedida = farewell dinner, goodbye party.* fiesta de despedida de soltera = bachelorette party, bridal shower, bachelorette shower.* fiesta de despedida de soltero = stag night, bachelor party, stag party.* fiesta de disfraces = costume party, fancy dress ball.* fiesta de guardar = holiday of obligation.* fiesta de inauguración = opening party.* fiesta de la cerveza = beer party.* fiesta de Navidad = festive season holiday.* fiesta de Nochevieja = New Year's Eve party.* fiesta de pijamas = slumber party, pyjamas party.* fiesta de precepto = holiday of obligation.* fiesta de recién nacido = baby shower.* fiesta en honor al sol = solar festival.* fiesta rave = rave.* fiesta sorpresa = surprise party.* ofrecer una fiesta = host + party.* reina de las fiestas = beauty queen.* sala de fiestas = dance-hall.* salir de fiesta = party.* salón de baile = ballroom.* ser el éxito de la fiesta = steal + the limelight, steal + the show.* * *1) ( celebración) partydieron una gran fiesta — they threw o had a big party
hacerle fiestas a alguien — to make a fuss of somebody
tener la fiesta en paz — (Esp fam) to enjoy some peace and quiet
2)a) ( día festivo) (public) holiday¿dónde vas a pasar estas fiestas? — where are you going to spend the vacation (AmE) o (BrE) holidays?
••• Cultural note:A fiesta in Spain can be a day of neighborhood celebrations, a larger event for a town or city, or a national holiday, to commemorate a saint's day or some historical event. For example, Madrid has the fiestas de San Isidro, in honor of its patron saint. Other famous Spanish holidays include the Fallas in Valencia, the Sanfermines in July in Pamplona, and the Feria de Sevilla, two weeks after Easter. They can last for a week or more, during which everyday life is often interrupted. Classes in schools may stop and banks, stores, and post offices alter their opening hours. There are often bullfights and dancing to live bands and people eat and drink plentifullyIn Latin America, a period of one or more days on which each country celebrates its independence. There are usually military parades, firework displays, and folk activities typical of the country* * *= party, celebration, feast, bash, festive occasion, social gathering.Ex: Their purposes was to settle the disputes between the members, to negotiate with master, to accumulate and disburse a benevolent fund, and to exact contributions for drinks and parties.
Ex: The sense of camaraderie experienced in meeting with other devotees is not unworthy of some kind of celebration.Ex: Sometimes this was done simply by staying away (Saint Monday was always a popular feast in the trade), but perhaps more often by contracting with the master to work less.Ex: The 'Book bash' designed to recruit special needs children and their families to the library.Ex: The sale, nearly stopped on legal technicalities, was held as a festive occasion with tea and auction of more valuable books.Ex: The study room was transformed for an evening into a coffee house where an intellectual and social gathering took place.* dar una fiesta = give + a party.* día de fiesta = holiday, public holiday.* droga de fiesta = club drug.* ¡felices fiestas! = season's greetings!.* fiesta de aniversario = anniversary celebration, anniversary party.* fiesta de apertura = opening party.* fiesta de borrachos = drunken party.* fiesta de despedida = farewell dinner, goodbye party.* fiesta de despedida de soltera = bachelorette party, bridal shower, bachelorette shower.* fiesta de despedida de soltero = stag night, bachelor party, stag party.* fiesta de disfraces = costume party, fancy dress ball.* fiesta de guardar = holiday of obligation.* fiesta de inauguración = opening party.* fiesta de la cerveza = beer party.* fiesta de Navidad = festive season holiday.* fiesta de Nochevieja = New Year's Eve party.* fiesta de pijamas = slumber party, pyjamas party.* fiesta de precepto = holiday of obligation.* fiesta de recién nacido = baby shower.* fiesta en honor al sol = solar festival.* fiesta rave = rave.* fiesta sorpresa = surprise party.* ofrecer una fiesta = host + party.* reina de las fiestas = beauty queen.* sala de fiestas = dance-hall.* salir de fiesta = party.* salón de baile = ballroom.* ser el éxito de la fiesta = steal + the limelight, steal + the show.* * *A (celebración) partyfiesta de cumpleaños birthday partydieron una gran fiesta they threw o had a big partycualquier visita es una fiesta para ella every visit is a treat for herlos vecinos están de fiesta the neighbors are having a partyaguar la fiesta to spoil the fun, be a wet blanket ( colloq)hacerle fiestas a algn to make a fuss of sbno estoy para fiestas I'm not in the mood for fun and gamestener la fiesta en paz to enjoy some peace and quiettengamos la fiesta en paz that's enough!, cut it out! ( colloq), let's have some peace and quietB1 (día festivo) holidayel lunes es fiesta Monday is a holidaysantificar las fiestas ( Relig) to observe feast daysesta semana son las fiestas del pueblo this week the town's holding its annual festival o fiesta¡felices fiestas! Merry o ( BrE) Happy Christmas!¿dónde vas a pasar estas fiestas? where are you going to spend the vacation ( AmE) o ( BrE) holidays?; fiestas (↑ fiesta a1)Compuestos:day of obligationfixed feast● fiesta movible or móvilmovable feastA (día festivo) public holiday( AmL) independence day fiestas patrias (↑ fiesta aa1)* * *
fiesta sustantivo femenino
dieron una gran fiesta they threw o had a big party;
estar de fiesta to be having a party;
aguar la fiesta to spoil the fun
fiesta nacional ( día festivo) public holiday;
(Taur) bullfighting;◊ fiesta patria (AmL) independence dayc)
(de fin de año, etc) festive season;◊ ¡felices fiestas! Merry Christmas!;
¿dónde vas a pasar estas fiestas? where are you going to spend the vacation (AmE) o (BrE) holidays?
fiesta sustantivo femenino
1 (reunión de amigos) party: daremos una fiesta, we'll hold a party
2 (festividad) celebration, festivity
fuimos a las fiestas del pueblo, we went to the village fiesta/carnival
día de fiesta, holiday
fiesta nacional, bank holiday
Esp la fiesta nacional, bullfighting
3 Rel feast
♦ Locuciones: aguar la fiesta, to spoil the fun
tengamos la fiesta en paz, let's not quarrel
' fiesta' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aguar
- animar
- animada
- animado
- animarse
- baile
- bochinche
- cabezudo
- celebración
- cóctel
- comistrajo
- conocerse
- corear
- dar
- deslucir
- disfraz
- disfrazarse
- elemento
- escabullirse
- gala
- haber
- hazmerreír
- hogareña
- hogareño
- languidecer
- mañana
- mentar
- mescolanza
- mezcolanza
- motivo
- nanay
- obligada
- obligado
- organizar
- organizarse
- pensar
- preparar
- propia
- propio
- quisque
- quisqui
- rabiar
- reticencia
- romería
- sarao
- velada
- acabar
- aguado
- alargar
- alegrar
English:
advance
- annoy
- ask back
- bank holiday
- beeline
- book
- booze-up
- cocktail party
- do
- family
- feast
- festival
- find out
- first
- folding
- frazzled
- funny
- gala
- garden party
- gatecrash
- gatecrasher
- give
- go
- half-holiday
- Hallowe'en
- Halloween
- have
- heart
- hoedown
- hold
- holiday
- housewarming
- legal holiday
- let on
- loud
- miffed
- miss
- name
- night
- nobody
- noisy
- party
- presentable
- rave
- reception
- riotous
- rip-roaring
- rowdy
- shower
- swing
* * *fiesta nf1. [reunión] party;dar una fiesta en honor de alguien to give a party in sb's honour;Fam¡se acabó la fiesta, todo el mundo a trabajar! the party's over, back to work everyone!;Famaguar la fiesta a alguien to spoil sb's fun;Famno estar para fiestas to be in no mood for joking;Famno sabe de qué va la fiesta he hasn't got a clue;Famtengamos la fiesta en paz let's have no more argumentsfiesta benéfica fête;fiesta de cumpleaños birthday party;fiesta de disfraces fancy dress party;fiesta de fin de año New Year o Year's party;Urug fiesta lluvia potluck party;la fiesta nacional [de país] national holiday;Esp [los toros] bullfighting; Am fiesta patria national holiday [commemorating important historical event];fiesta sorpresa surprise party;la fiesta de los toros bullfighting2.fiestas [de pueblo, barrio] (local) festivities;el pueblo está en fiestas the town is holding its annual fair o festivalfiesta(s) mayor(es) = local celebrations for the festival of a town's patron saint;fiesta(s) patronal(es) = celebrations for the feast day of a town's patron saint3. [día] public holiday;ser fiesta to be a public holiday;hacer fiesta to be on holiday;mañana tenemos fiesta en la oficina it's an office holiday tomorrow;¡felices fiestas! [en Navidad] Merry Christmas!, US happy holidays!Rel fiesta de guardar holiday of obligation; Rel fiesta movible moveable feast; Rel fiesta de prefecto holiday of obligationFIESTASComing from the same Latin root as “feast”, the Spanish word fiesta has long since entered the vocabulary of English. This is largely because of the importance of such celebrations in the Spanish-speaking world. Every town or village, of whatever size, has its day (if not week) of annual celebrations. These may be associated with the local patron saint or with some historical event, such as Independence Day. On these days people may dress up in traditional clothes, take part in traditional dances and eat special dishes associated with the festival. There may be firework displays and street processions of a more or less religious nature, and, as the saying goes, a good time is generally had by all.* * *f1 festival;estar de fiesta be in a party mood;no estar para fiestas be in no mood for jokes;¡se acabó la fiesta! the party’s over!hacer fiesta have a day off* * *fiesta nf1) : party, fiesta2) : holiday, feast day* * *fiesta n2. (día festivo) holidayhacer fiesta / tener fiesta to have a day off
- 1
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См. также в других словарях:
Labor spies — are persons recruited or employed for the purpose of gathering intelligence, committing sabotage, sowing dissent, or engaging in other similar activities, typically within the context of an employer/labor organization relationship.Some of the… … Wikipedia
Labor history of the United States — involves the history of organized labor, as well as the more general history of working people in the United States of America. Pressures dictating the nature and power of organized labor have included the evolution and power of the corporation,… … Wikipedia
Labor Zionism — (Labour Zionism, he. ציונות סוציאליסטית, tsionut sotsialistit ) can be described as the major stream of the left wing of the Zionist movement. If it was not for many years the major stream in the Zionist movement, it was a significant tendency… … Wikipedia
Labor induction — Intervention ICD 9 CM 73.0 73.1 Labor induction is a method of artificially or prematurely stimulating … Wikipedia
labor — I (exertion) noun discipline, effort, endeavor, energy, enterprise, industry, mental toil, pains, strain, strife II (work) noun advocation, assignment, calling, craft, duty, employ, employment, job, line of business, line of work, occupation,… … Law dictionary
Labor theory of value — The labor theories of value (LTV) are theories in economics according to which the values of commodities are related to the labor needed to produce them.There are many different accounts of labor value, with the common element that the value of… … Wikipedia
Labor daily — The Labour daily was a Sydney based journal/newspaper of the early to mid 20th century. An organ of the Australian Labor Party, it was a published in Sydney by Stanley Roy Wasson after the ailing Daily Mail was absorbed by Labor Papers Ltd. who… … Wikipedia
Labor federation competition in the United States — A labor federation is a group of unions or labor organizations that are in some sense coordinated. The terminology used to identify such organizations grows out of usage, and has sometimes been imprecise. For example, nationals are sometimes… … Wikipedia
Labor rights — Part of a series on Organized labour … Wikipedia
Labor Right — The Labor Right, or Labor Unity is the organised faction of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) that tends to be more economically liberal and socially conservative than Labor Left.Nationally, the Right is a broad alliance of the various Right state … Wikipedia
Labor market of Japan — The structure of Japan s labour market was experiencing gradual change in the late 1980s and was expected to continue this trend throughout the 1990s. The structure of the labor market is affected by the aging of the working population,… … Wikipedia